visual disturbances and blindness in cinema

inattentional blindness is a term used in cinema where the characters or the audience will either not see or misperceive a scene in a film. this is often used by directors to control the audiences perception of the scene which can affect the viewers perception and experience with the film. there is also something called a hierarchy of perception which includes the characters in a scene as well as the audience, what this means is  that the director chooses what can be seen in the scene that either the audience or characters can  either see or miss, for example a character can't see what's behind their back but the audience can and therefore the audience is higher on the hierarchy of perception. this of course goes both ways and its up to the director how this affects the scene and whether the audience is blind, misperceives the scene or sees everything.
the audiences perception is greatly affected by whatever the director chooses the scene to focus on by training the camera on a certain space or by lighting a subject with more intensity or by tracking a subject by using camera movements or by centring a shot so the audiences eye is instantly drawn to one space. these are just a few examples of how to draw the audience's focus. certain directors use techniques such as these not only to draw focus but also to create very aesthetically pleasing compositions, a prominent example of a director that does this is Wes Anderson who uses symmetry and golden ratio to draw the audiences attention to the centre of the screen and create a pleasing shot composition to look at .